Essay on Organic vs. Sustainable Agriculture - 1357 Words

Organic vs. Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture, to many is just an industry of farmers and cows. Most people can’t even come close to fathom just how essential the continuance of agriculture is to not just our well being, but our very lives. People of the United States have been spoiled, they’ve never had to worry about the grocery stores running empty because, even to this day, there hasn’t been a problem growing enough to feed, not only the U.S. but a good part of the world too. The day though is fast approaching that we won’t be able to keep those grocery stores stocked. Due to the depletion of the vital resources, needed to produce our food, it is becoming increasingly challenging for today’s agriculturalists to feed the world.†¦show more content†¦To do this, all uses of pesticides, herbicides, chemical nutrients, genetically modified seed, and the list goes on and on. The producer relies more heavily upon the application of manure and in most cases is forced into highe r tillage to control weed pests. Although there is some other natural pest control methods, but the choices are pretty limited. Organic production’s man principle is to return organic matter back to the soil, as well as fetch premium market prices for their production. As for the history of the term â€Å"organic† and its association with agriculture as far as anyone can tell, at least in this country was around the 1940’s.( Gegner, L, Kuepper, G, 2004) Until 1962 Organic Agriculture really wasn’t something the general population knew about or even cared, but in 1962 Rachel Carson’s Silent spring came into print. The publication was a graphic statement about the harms of pesticides on the environment. This one book had a huge impact on the environmental movement of the 60’s and 70’s. With the environmental movement, the concept of Organic Agriculture finally took off (Gegner, L, Kuepper, G, 2004). From there on the Organic Agricultu ral sector has continued to grow and grow. Actually, from 1998 to 2003 the farm gate sales from organic production went from $93.8 to $154.8 million or by 53% (Fouche, C, 2006). From a market stand point, certain percentage of the population will pay a pretty penny extra for production stamped â€Å"organic,† thusShow MoreRelatedOrganic Agriculture, As Defined By The National Organic Standards Board1163 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic Agriculture, as defined by the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB): â€Å"Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony.† Which is very fancily put for agriculture with as little man made input as possible trying to farm, as they perceive at least, the most beneficial to theRead MoreSustainability Vs. Conventional Farming1 299 Words   |  6 PagesWalsh states that today, Agriculture takes up one third of the planet. (Walsh) Agriculture is the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, growing, feeding, breeding, and raising livestock. (Dictionary) According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), when you add the word sustainable to agriculture, it means an integrated system of plant and animal production having a site-specific application. (Gold) The sales of organics are at an all time highRead MoreOrganic vs. Conventional Farming: An Anthology757 Words   |  3 PagesPollan is of the idea that the use of organic farming detoxifies food and the environment. This includes using traditional food distribution methods such as free-range chicken. Horrigan, L., Lawrence, R., Walker, P. (2002). How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspective . This article outlines problems that are associated with the current factory style animal agriculture. It points at ways of making the currentRead MoreWhy Organic Farming Is Capable Of Sustaining The Global Population891 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Components 1. Discuss the â€Å"problem statement,† (what is the issue we are addressing?) - The â€Å"problem statement† to these three articles is to see if organic farming is capable of sustaining the global population by weighing the pros and cons of organic vs conventional farming. 2. Who are the authors and what are their qualifications? - First author, DiGregori has neither expertise or credential; he is a phD in Economics and does not have any experience dealing with agronomy nor didRead MoreAgriculture : A Global Environmental And Humanitarian Issue1489 Words   |  6 PagesAgriculture uses the domestication and cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms to produce food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products to help sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture has existed for over the last 10,000 years and is credited into propelling our civilization into the modern cultures and technologies we see today. Without the ability to store and domesticate plants and animals it is unlikely that we would have been able to evolve beyond our hunting andRead MoreThe Effects Of Pesticides On Organic Farming1653 Words   |  7 Pagesfarmers noticed a decrease in soil quality and crop health due to the use of chemical fertilizers (â€Å"Pesticides in Organic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1). This drop in soil quality l eft the farmers no other choice but to cease the use of chemical fertilizers and begin implementing less harmful supplements in order to improve crop quality (â€Å"An Oral History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This less invasive method of farming, otherwise known as organic farming, takes into account â€Å"the medium and long-term effect of agricultural interventions† (â€Å"What Are the Environmental†¦Ã¢â‚¬ )Read MoreCommercial And Industrial Farming Vs. Farming1028 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Commercial/industrial farming vs Family farming. Structure: compare and contrast Three focus Areas: Quality of food/meat. How how farms are run. Quality of the milk. Example paragraph Have you ever asked yourself why is sustainable agriculture is so much better than industrial agriculture? Or what s in the milk i drink or the meat that i eat? Every time you sit down for a meal containing meat or dairy you’re dining with unknown carcinogens, bacteria, and other contaminants that canRead MoreThe Old Way Of Farming Is The American Future1536 Words   |  7 Pages and climate changes are some of the issues that concern most Americans. The interesting thing about them is that they all are related to agriculture. For years, Americans have not had a lucid concept of what farming is,or the importance of it, and as a result, most people do not have a clear understanding about what are the real benefits of local sustainable food as well as the consequences of supporting the current food system, the industrial food chain. Indeed, the current food system is â€Å"preventing†Read MoreThe Planet World Will Be More Than 11 Billion People2214 Words   |  9 Page sAbstract By the end of this century, the planet world will be home to more than 11 billion people. Feeding all of them in a truly sustainable way remains undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges of this generation. The population boom is sometimes feared as one of the major leading problems to the food security and malnutrition issue; this essay analysis shows that the reasons many suspects are not entirely true; it’s not the number, nor is it about enough land. The world has already what’s requiredRead MoreOmnivores Dilemma1260 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes make an interesting point about the denaturalization of the food industry, but Michael Pollan overlooks the many benefits of the current system of food production, which allows humans to produce more food on less land than in pre-industrial agriculture which in turn allows for greater sustenance to the human consumer. Additionally, the proposals that Pollan makes are simply not feasible. He believes that the United States sho uld change from an industrialized food distribution system to a model

1066 The Year Of Conquest - 1199 Words

1066: The Year of Conquest Majority of books that are written or were written about history can become very tedious to read, but Howarth early on explains his intention is to captivate and tell a story that will keep readers awake. Howarth set out to chronologically tell the story behind the year 1066 in a way that can be easily absorbed, â€Å"this is not meant to be read as a work of scholarship, only as an evocation of the excitement, pleasures and miseries of that year; but I hope it is accurate enough to satisfy scholars.† (pg. 7). Howarth starts out very strong with his narrative. Howarth’s method of sequence in depicting the events throughout the year is very effective in painting the picture of events that occurred in 1066. His†¦show more content†¦William believed he would be welcomed with open arms as the new king, but he severely misinterpreted the situation. The throne of England was far from that of Normandy. It was beyond Edward’s ability to promise the throne to Wil liam auspiciously and conclusively. However, a similar situation occurred with Harold Earl of Wessex. As he lay dying Edward’s dying word left the care of his wife and kingdom in the hands of Harold. Howard mentions that this could have been misinterpreted as well. Harold’s dying words of, â€Å"I commend this woman and all the kingdom to your protection† does not explicitly label Harold as the King. Edward’s dying words did give Harold a higher leverage in that early English laws labeled The King as ruler and protector of the people and not the actual territory. Harold’s claim to the throne is made more legitimate because The Witan later chooses him. Despite the support from The Witan, Harold’s claim to the throne is problematic due to an oath. It is believed that Harold had made an oath to William Duke of Normandy, that he would help secure the throne for William upon Edward’s death. William profoundly believed that he would be the new King of England upon Edward’s death. It never occurred him that he would have to conquer England, in the words of Howarth. William’s relation to Edward, the promise Edward allegedly made, and Harold’s oath was security to William. The Norman’s angst against Harold asShow MoreRelated1066: Year Of The Conquest Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review of 1066: The Year of the Conquest. 1066: The Year of the Conquest, written by David Howarth, tells of one of the most important dates in the history of England. In 1066, William the Conqueror and William of Orange fought the historical Battle of Hastings. The outcome of this battle lead to many changes to the English people. The Norman people became assimilated into the English way of life. Howarth proceeds to tell the tale of the Battle of Hastings through the eyes on a common EnglishmanRead MoreEssay about 1066: the Year of the Conquest1237 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Howarths, 1066: The Year Of The Conquest Harold of England and William of Normandy were both rulers of great countries, so it stands to reason that they had some similarities in common. They both new how to lead, and they both knew how to survive in a feudal system. That is about where their similarities end. Like their leaders, England and Normandy both had similarities due to the time, and how people lived. They both operated on a feudal system, and they were both prosperous and happyRead MoreWilliam The Conqueror And The Norman Conquest1453 Words   |  6 Pageshe â€Å"changed the history of the world with his courage and power.† The Norman Invasion or the Norman Conquest refers to the crucial years between c. 1066 and 1086. This period is defined by its development and experimentation with existing cultural traditions. The Norman Conquest is regarded as not only an important British milestone but also a crucial milestone for the Western world. The years subsequent to the Norman Invasion are regarded as a great revolutionary period in England’s history; theRead MoreThe Final Legacy Of William The Conqueror, Leader Of The Norman1450 Words   |  6 Pagesimpactful and even bloodier events (10). Although the Norman Conquest of 1066 was a year of much bloodshed, that ye ar was pivotal to the nation of Great Britain as it helped to establish the boarders and structure of the Kingdom of Great Britain, it contributed to the creation the English dialect, and brought new political, social, and religious reforms to the region, each of which stood to benefit the lands well being The year of 1066 C.E was a period of great reckoning, as the events of the year’sRead MoreEssay on Edgar Atheling1654 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Atheling, great half-nephew of King Edward the Confessor of England; also to provide an answer to the puzzling question of why Edgar was never killed by King William I (William the Conqueror, also Duke of Normandy). The year 1066 is possibly one of the most infamous years ever to pass on history’s timeline. Filled to bursting with treachery, blood, battles, and intrigue, it is exactly the type of story that grips the human mind with insatiable curiosity—its view through the window is terriblyRead MoreThe Tower Of London.1532 Words   |  7 PagesFor many years my dream has been to visit London, England- so I decided to research a very historic site that is so prevalent to the history which helped shape many aspects of this city and English culture; The Tower of London. London seems to be such a magical place to visit, as there are many layers of history underground, but above ground as well. Over the many years London has been inhabited, there have been many historical events having occurred here, but this tower has been prominent to theRead MoreThe Influence of the Norman Conquest: Incorporating French Into English Culture and Language2382 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Norman Con quest Incorporating French into English Culture and Language Normandy and England circa. 1066 Normandy is a coastal district in France that lies almost directly across from England. Its name was derived from the groups of Northmen who settled in the district only a century or two before the Norman Conquest. Although the Norman population would be largely Scandinavian in origin during the ninth and tenth centuries, it would shift in the century spanning 966 to 1066 to a largelyRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Middle English Texts1308 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the transition from Old English to Middle English, it is important to know who or what caused it. In 1066 there was an event known as The Norman Conquest. In the book A History of the English Language by Baugh and Cable, it is stated that the Norman Conquest had a greater effect on the English language than any other event in the course of its history (Baugh, Cable 108). In January 1066 Edward the Confessor died childless. England, having its choice of a successor, chose Harold son of GodwinRead MoreBayeux Tapestry15 20 Words   |  7 Pagesthe cloth measures 20 inches tall and 231 feet wide with a unique twist that illustrates historical military events outlining the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest. Latin is the primary language encrypted around and about this masterpiece. Baby, I tell you this was a long, long time ago, all the way back to approximately 1066 and I have never experiences anything close to this scenery. The people’s clothing of that century was relatively unusual in comparison of today and oh my goodnessRead MoreEssay Aboriginal Customary Laws and Australian Contemporary Laws591 Words   |  3 PagesAboriginal Customary Laws and Australian Contemporary Laws Aboriginal customary laws, before white settlement in 1788, were considered primitive by the British, if considered at all. But Aboriginal laws and customs had lasted hundreds of years, based on traditions such as kinship ties and rituals. These laws were formed by ancestors, spirits, and Aboriginal beliefs, and were passed down the generations by word-of-mouth instead of written down. Being over 500 tribes (each with its own clans)

IT Implementation in Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the IT Implementation in Healthcare. Answer: Introduction Silver Chain Group provides community health services to the people and operates in four different regions of Australia as Queensland, New South Wales, Western and Southern Australia. Being in the country for over 100 years, it is a non-profit organization that has a marked reputation and quality services all over (Silverchain.org.au, 2016). The range of services that are provided by this group is huge and some of the examples are Wellness services, health care and maintenance services, counseling and advisory services, support and care, assessment services and personal alarms. Requirement of IT for Silver Chain Group On a per year basis, the group covers more than 87,000 people for providing of the services and care and the same is executed with the help of over 3000 staff members and approximately 400 volunteers. Paper-based records were used to maintain the client information which made it difficult to access and also resulted in frequent loss and misplacements. The management and storage of the same also emerged as the big concern for the organization. It was getting troublesome for the staff members to gather data around their respective clients and resulted in decrease of productivity and efficiency as well. It was extremely required to improve the customer satisfaction and also enable the various entities to provide a medium to easily communicate with each other (LeMay, 2014). Importance of IT for business survival Following are the factors and reasons which mark the importance of IT for the group. Preparation It is the task which includes data collection for various sources and is made easy by the help of IT. Planning Creation of project plans, project schedule, budget plan and various other planning diagrams is a simple task through IT tools and software. Practice It is necessary to adhere to the defined protocols and norms. IT makes it possible to follow the best practices and guidelines that have been suggested. Progress checks It is next to impossible to monitor each and every staff member and the activity going around through manual means. IT helps in the frequent performance and progress checks. Phases for implementation and use of IT Silver Chain Group took the aid of an enterprise level solution and also launched a mobile application for reaching out to a larger number of people and also to provide quality services to them. Android was the operating system that was selected for the development of the app and the same was customized for many different mobile devices such as Samsung Galaxy S2, S3, S4, Note and Note II smartphones, and Samsung Galaxy Note 8, 10.1 and Tab 10.1 tablet devices to direct care staff and clients (delimiter, 2016). 1. Planning This is the initial phase which includes the necessary planning to be done around the scope of the project, goals and objectives, assumptions, entry and exit criteria and likewise. 2. Requirement Analysis There are a number of different Stakeholders that are involved with the Silver Chain Group such as investors, customers, partners, owners and many more. This phase discusses the project with all the essential stakeholders and prepares a set of requirements and specifications accordingly. 3. Design The next phase in the list is the design phase which revolves around the design diagrams and documents such as design specification document, data flow diagrams, use case diagrams, functional hierarchies and decision trees to understand the design of the project. 4. Implementation This is the phase where the practical application of the earlier three phases begins. For the health solution and mobile application, the design is brought in real-world implementation and the same is used for the further process. Database team also works to create a strong back-end. 5. Testing It is an activity which is used to find out the errors that are present in the system. It is done in a phased approach and comprises of the phases such as requirement analysis, design phase, development phase, execution phase and completion phase. It makes use of test conditions, test cases and test scenarios and reports the bugs in the defect report. The closure report is created once the exit criteria are met (Softwaretestinghelp.com, 2016). 6. Deployment and Maintenance This is the stage where the final product is deployed for the end-users and the issues that arise after that are reported and tackled (Ghahrai, 2015). Use of IT in Silver Chain Group IT would help the staff members of the Silver Chain Group to communicate easily with their clients. It would also provide a mechanism to the nurses and doctors to have a conversation easily and also seek guidance through video conferencing. Families who are located in different areas would also be able to easily connect with each other. Accessibility and availability of the direct care staff would also improve by a huge margin. Advanced technology such as notification to the nurses if the readings go beyond an acceptable number would be sent and likewise. Risks involved with IT The IT solution for Silver Chain Group would be implemented in a mobile application as well. The information associated would be of high degree of protection and the loss to the same could emerge as a serious risk for the group. There is varied information that is associated with the group and has potential risks. It has been categorized as follows: Sensitive: The data is to a great degree basic to the association and requires a high level of assurance also. The social insurance data connected with the customer is extremely critical and can't be hampered with. Confidential: This is the classification of data that holds high significance for an association and should be secured precisely. The data around the partners and the accomplices required in the organization is classified in nature. Private: It is the individual data that is connected with the organization and incorporates the points of interest of the workers, for example, demographic data. Public: The data that is alright to convey out to the general visibility and learning goes under this class. There are several risks to the confidentiality, integrity, privacy and authenticity of the data and some of them are as described below: Virus It is a project or an arrangement of guidelines that is vindictive in nature which implies that it has been intended for giving harm or damage to the framework. It gets presented in the framework through capacity media or system. Spyware These are the projects that catch the action of the client on the frameworks and can be utilized to give a considerable measure of harm (Spychecker.com. 2016) Backdoors Backdoors are utilized to hamper the credibility and approved access to the framework by softening up to the framework security. These are utilized to sidestep the security component and may demonstrate to a great degree unsafe for the instructive foundations by entering in the zone of private and secret data. Logic Bomb It is another arrangement of code that is malignant in nature and gets activated by a specific movement or an activity. It requires certain conditions to be met with a specific end goal to get enacted and once it does, it can possibly split away the security of the framework. DoS Denial of Service The service is made unreachable for a specific duration of time since it is overloaded and flooded with unnecessary traffic from unreliable sources (Digitalattackmap.com. 2016). Spam It is the utilization of electronic informing administration and frameworks to send spontaneous messages in mass. There might be email spam or texting spam. If there should be an occurrence of an instructive establishment, these may bring about spam in online journals, web gathering spam, long range informal communication spam, or record sharing system spam. (Ttu.edu. 2016) Phishing A fake site or email message is utilized to mimic another person's personality so as to increase delicate data (Ttu.edu. 2016). Recommendations It is possible to maintain and monitor IT for the Silver Chain Group with the help of a few countermeasures to the risk and structured methodology as: Use of security tools and software such as anti-virus, firewalls and internet security Proper access control mechanism for the maintenance of confidentiality and integrity of the information Adaptation of encryption techniques for transfer of data Analytical tools for analysis of huge amount of data Time to time up-gradation of all the tools and processes that are used in the system Structured methodology for project management and resource management Conclusion Silver Chain Group is an organization that works for the betterment of people of Australia and works through four different locations. There are a huge number of employees and clients that are associated with the group. The management of all of these along with the track of each and every single activity is just impossible through the manual processes. It has thus been suggested to make use of IT in the business and the group has come up with an enterprise health solution and an Android based mobile application as well. These would not only help in the management of services but would also improve the customer experience and accessibility to the organization. There are a set of risks that come up due to the involvement of IT and these have the potential to hamper the confidentiality and security of the information. Countermeasures such as use of anti-virus, internet security, network monitors, encryption techniques and access controls are very effective to control such risks and atta cks. References delimiter, (2016). [online] Available at: https://delimiter.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/NBX-Case-Study_Silver-Chain_Mobility.pdf [Accessed 31 May 2016]. LeMay, R. (2014). Android in the enterprise: Three Aussie examples from Samsung | Delimiter. [online] Delimiter. Available at: https://delimiter.com.au/2014/04/14/android-enterprise-three-aussie-examples-samsung/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Silverchain.org.au. (2016). Silver Chain Group. [online] Available at: https://www.silverchain.org.au/wa [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Ghahrai, A. (2015). SDLC Phases - Software Development Life Cycle. [online] Testing Excellence. Available at: https://www.testingexcellence.com/software-development-life-cycle-sdlc-phases/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. NueMD. (2013). The importance of proper IT implementation in healthcare. [online] Available at: https://www.nuemd.com/news/2015/07/20/importance-proper-implementation-healthcare [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Spychecker.com. (2016). What is spyware and adware?. [online] Available at: https://www.spychecker.com/spyware.html [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Ttu.edu. (2016). Scams Spam, Phishing, Spoofing and Pharming | Be in Charge of Your Digital Life | CPI: Lubbock | TTU. [online] Available at: https://www.ttu.edu/cybersecurity/lubbock/digital-life/digital-identity/scams-spam-phishing-spoofing-pharming.php [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Digitalattackmap.com. (2016). Digital Attack Map. [online] Available at: https://www.digitalattackmap.com/understanding-ddos/ [Accessed 31 May 2016]. Softwaretestinghelp.com. (2016). What is Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?. [online] Available at: https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/what-is-software-testing-life-cycle-stlc/ [Accessed 31 May 2016].

Oedipas Search Of Tristero In Crying Of Lot 49 By Thomas Pynchon Essay

Oedipa's Search Of Tristero In Crying Of Lot 49 By Thomas Pynchon Thomas Pynchon is an American novelist known for his experimental writing techniques. His works involve extremely complicated plots and themes, and mix black humor with imagination and fantasy to describe human isolation and alienation in a chaotic society. Among his books, The Crying of Lot 49, is the most commonly read, in either literature courses or simply for pleasure. As the reading progresses, the definite and symbolic meaning of the Tristero, and an understanding of the historical and political background of America in the 60?fs is needed to better understand. When I first started reading The Crying of Lot 49, there appeared to be some complicated riddles. When put it in perspective with the history of the times, a clearer image and more detailed context of the text came to me. Many historical events in the era are indirectly and metaphorically incorporated in the text. Looking at a book of history, then it can be seen that Americans opposed the centralization of administrative power, and rejected the threats of being surrounded and controlled by it. The Tristero represents their feelings, volitions and wishes. It?fs a symbol of free will. In order to find out what the Tristero is, it?fs very helpful to understand what the American counter-culture was about. As for American history, the 1960s was an exciting, revolutionary and turbulent time of great social, political, cultural and technological change in America. The movement away from the conservatism of the 1950s was continuous and eventually resulted in those aforementioned changes. The following are some events influencing this book in each of the four changes in this decade. This period from a social standpoint witnessed the expansion of the welfare state, the emergence of numerous movements for social change, and experienced civil rights, and gay and women?fs liberation. In terms of political changes in this era, there were some major events which occurred influencing the world; the Americanization of the war in Vietnam, the civil rights movement, and the assassinations of not only two great African American leaders, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., but also John F. Kennedy. Taking up the Vietnam War as one example, the government kept secrets about what was really going on there, and lied to its citizens; therefore, the citizens felt uneasy about it and suspicious of it. Adumbrating these political changes of the 1960s John F. Kennedy won the presidential election. ?g We stand today on the verge on a new frontier- the frontier of the 1960?fs, a frontier of unknown opportunities and peril- a frontier of unfulfilled hopes and threats.?h In 1964 President Johnson who campaigned on a platform of continued social program and a limited involvement in Vietnam won by a landslide. In 1968 Richard Nixon entered the Republican convention, and stated ?g When the strongest nation in the world can be tied down for four years in a war in Vietnam with no end in sight, when the richest nation with the great tradition of the rule of law is plagued by unprecedented racial violence, when the President of the United States cannot travel abroad, or to any major city at home, then its time for new leadership for the United States.?h The Democrats went through a tough primary campaign, and couldn?ft stop a Nixon victory. When looking at cultural changes, some remarkable happenings are the growth of the counterculture, unforgettable fashion, new musical styles, flower power, great TV and film, and sexual freedom. Thomas Pynchon incorporates some of the social trends in The Crying of Lot 49. Lastly in technological changes in 60s, needless to say, the most memorable event is the first manned landing on the moon Also this period was the age of youth, as millions of children from the post-war baby boom became teenagers and young adults. These young people wanted change. The changes would come and would in turn affect education, values, lifestyles, laws and entertainment. Thomas Pynchon uses the private mail delivery system, W.A.S.T.E. system, in the story, to compare with the mail delivery system that is a government monopoly. The poster of Uncle Sam on a wall of the post office symbolizes the watchdog of the government. (Pynchon 10) He